First it is important to remember that insomnia is often associated with other medical or psychiatric conditions and sometimes the medical treatment of these conditions. These issues should be evaluated and treated first. 

Two effective means of overcoming insomnia are medications and something called cognitive behavioral therapy or "CBT". CBT addresses the behaviors that influence insomnia. Paying attention to sleep habits is a typical first step to improve sleep by addressing the sleep environment and maintaining a regular sleep/wake schedule. Relaxation techniques are particularly useful for trouble with initiating sleep. Cognitive therapy is a means of addressing the anxiety that can occur as sleep time approaches and the worry about the consequences of poor sleep. Stimulus control is a prescription for reducing the amount of time in bed not sleeping, as this is ultimately counterproductive. Finally, Sleep restriction is a powerful tool but requires dedication as symptoms often worsen before they improve.

There are many classes of medications used to help with insomnia most effectively in combination with CBT. Medications such as Ambien or Lunesta can help with both getting to sleep and and staying asleep. Drugs that work on the melatonin receptor such as Rozerem help mostly with getting to sleep. Over-the-counter sleep aids such as Tylenol PM often contain antihistamines, producing drowsiness at bedtime, but sometimes into the next day. Many other medications and herbs are used to help with sleep with variable levels of scientific information relating to their effectiveness and safety, generally not as rigorous as prescription medications. There are also less manufacturing regulatory controls in place relating to these products. A physician can assist in sorting out all of these issues and choosing the best approach(es).